Cellular Energy
How do Cells make Energy?
Biochemical Reactions
-"Bio" -> means living
So, this means: Living Chemical Reactions
Definition: Chemical Bonds are formed and broken within living things creating chemical reactions that impact the ability to maintain life and carry out life functions.
1. Cells make and use ATP for Energy
ATP is a molecule that stores and releases energy when the cells need it.
Removing a phosphate group (P) releases energy for chemical reactions to occur in the cell and ATP becomes ADP.
When the cell has energy, the energy is stored in the bond when the phosphate group is added to the ADP.
2. Photosynthesis Makes Energy
Plant cells capture energy from the Sun 🌞 convert it into food and then stored.
The ultimate source of energy for all living things is the Sun!
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related!
The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration
and vice versa!
3. Cellular Respiration releases ATP (Aerobic)
Stored energy (glucose) is released as ATP
In cellular respiration, there are three stages:
1. Glycolysis -Anaerobic (No Oxygen is Required)
-Produces less energy than aerobic processes
2. Krebs Cycle -Aerobic (Oxygen is Needed)
-Breaks down glucose to make LARGE amounts of energy
3. Electron Transport Chain -Aerobic
-Breaks down glucose to make LARGE amounts of energy
-Takes place in almost all living things
4. Fermentation releases ATP (Anaerobic)
Bacteria and yeasts use this method to release energy or ATP.
They use this method when OXYGEN is not provided!
Two Types of Fermentation:
- Lactic Acid Fermentation
Glucose. -> Lactid Acid + 2 ATP
This happens in muscle cells when you exercise! Causes a post-workout soreness
💪
2. Alcoholic Fermentation
Glucose -> CO2 + Alcohol + 2 ATP
This happens in yeast when you make things like beer or wine.
🍷
Videos to help:
